Communication and Thought Interpersonal Communication System

Question: Talk about theCommunication and Thought for Interpersonal Communication System. Answer: Presentation: As referenced by San Martn (2015) in basic terms the trading of informations that is done between at least two individuals is known as relational correspondence. With the expansion in the information and with nonstop practice, advancement and improvement in the relational abilities is imagined. During the procedure of this relational correspondence framework there is sending of the message from one source and the getting of the message at the other source. There are numerous methods of leading this correspondence framework, in any case, the best framework is the one wherein where the message that is sent by the sender is comprehended by the beneficiary. This examination considers assortment of components and both the subjective and the quantitative techniques are utilized for the investigation of the relational correspondence. In the entirety of the business association, the individuals require to collaborate with one another and practically ordinary utilize relational correspondence framework. The relational correspondence is required in the business associations to collaborate with the clients, handle protests and inputs to the clients, connect inside the association with the worker and furthermore for different necessities (Brandler and Roman 2015). The Communication Skills: The relational abilities are utilized when the methods for correspondence that is being is the vis-à-vis correspondence. The various kinds of relational abilities are: Aptitudes of Listening: While speaking with the others, tuning in to the next individual is the most essential relational ability of correspondence as during a discussion an individual invests about 45% of the energy in tuning in to the next individual. The capacity that permits the individual to get and to decipher the back rub precisely is known as the tuning in. Without having the option to tune in and comprehend the message adequately, the correspondence framework may breakdown. The various standards of listening are: Quit talking: While talking constantly the individual couldn't tune in to what the other individual is attempting to state. So as to listen one should initially quit talking and spotlight on what the other individual is attempting to state. Solace: Both the speaker and the audience should be agreeable while in this manner, audience needs to show signs that the words verbally expressed by the speaker are being passed on to them. the speaker must nothing that would occupy the speaker from talking his words. Identify: listening doesn't just mean to tune in to the words verbally expressed by the speaker yet additionally to comprehend the perspective of the other individual likewise and comprehend trhe things from that sense. Tolerance: The audience additionally should be persistence for the timeframe and ought not hinder while the speaker is attempting to pass on its message and let them keep on completing their message. Non-Verbal correspondence: While listening the main spotlight ought not be just on the words yet additionally on the eye second, motion and the outward appearance of the speaker (Asemota 2015). Abilities of Feedback: The input is the exhibition audit of any individual or any business association. In any case, powerful input could be characterized as a criticism that is unmistakably heard, comprehended and acknowledged. Ability is required for giving powerful criticisms and it can change the viability of the input that is being offered and openness of the collector. The various standards of giving criticism in the business division are: Viable criticism: Before giving the input to the ideal individual one should initially comprehend the reason for giving the criticism and the prerequisite. An input ought not be cruel or hostile. Consistency: Giving of the input ought to be done all the time as this is a procedure that requires consideration. This isn't a once in a time of a month occasion, it ought to be given as normal as could reasonably be expected with the goal that the issues may not escape hands. Explicit: While giving out of the criticism, there ought to be explicit and careful notice of what wasn't right and on what does the recipient needs to improve or take a shot at. Protection: It isn't that input would consistently be sure; there may likewise be negative and scrutinizing remarks. Criticisms as such ought to be given in private and not transparently (Archer and Howie 2013). Aptitudes of Questioning: Scrutinizing the other individual is the nuts and bolts of successful correspondence framework. Addressing successfully during a suitable circumstance may change the entire scope of the relational abilities. The various standards of addressing are: Inquiry methodology: Before posing an inquiry, the primary interesting point is the thing that to be inquired. Posing of inquiry would not bode well if the inquiry posed isn't suitable. Addressing Styles: The sort of inquiry that will be posed is likewise to be thought of. Tuning in: After an inquiry is posed, the appropriate responses would tell the examiner in the event that he had the response to what it has asked or not (Godbold and McCaffery 2015). Advantages and Models of Communication Skills: Advantages: The Interpersonal correspondence is the existence blood of any business association. Much the same as the blood transmits basic components to the diverse piece of our body, the relational correspondence additionally conveys basic informations to the various pieces of an association. The advantages of the relational abilities are: The relational abilities help to accumulate informations and convey inside the association. The dynamic and successful tuning in and input would support the workers and the clients to flow the informations properly and effortlessly and to know the perspective of one another. The scrutinizing aptitudes help the individual to assemble data about anything from the other individual and furthermore to comprehend if the listening individual has comprehended the words verbally expressed or not (McQuail and Windahl 2015). Models: Berlos SMCR model of correspondence: In the year 1960, the Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver model of correspondence model of Shannon Weaver was altered by David erlo. In this changed model he proposed the various parts as the sender who sends the message, the message that will be sent, the channel which is the method of move and the collector who will get the model (Turnitsa 2013). This adjusted model of David Berlo is spoken to as: Fig 1: Berlos model of correspondence, (Source: Heath and Bryant 2013) Through this model it could be indicated that the tuning in as the third part under channel segment through which the message from the source gets moved to the beneficiary. Lasswells Model of Communication: In the year, the renowned scholar of correspondence, Mr. Harold D. Lasswell built up the Lasswell model of correspondence. The lasswell model of correspondence is otherwise called the straight model or the activity model. This single direction model of correspondence is one of the most powerful model of correspondence and was created by Lasswell to break down the mass correspondence (Sapienza et al. 2015). This modular can be spoken to as: Fig 1: Lasswells model of correspondence, (Source: Heath and Bryant 2013) In the above model of Lasswells correspondence model the various parts of the correspondence could be distinguished. The segments of this model are the: WHO: This alludes to the individual who is the sender of the message. SAYS WHAT: This alludes to the message that has been sent by the sender. CHANNEL: This alludes to the medium through which the sender sends the message to the beneficiary. TO WHOM: This alludes to the individual to whom the sender has sent the message to. WITH WHAT EFFECT: This alludes to the adequacy of the message that the message of the sender has sent to the beneficiary. The response of the collector to the message is considered as the impact of the message on the recipient. Expected Challenges While Incorporation of the Communication: On occasion the mind stays occupied with the handling of different examples subsequently for which the discourse isn't enrolled or the effectively present exercises become too uproarious that totally overwhelms the new discourse passed on. A social hole may assume a urgent job on the grounds that social contrasts may have various methods of response, which not coordinate between two people. Therefore, the listening result might be changed (Fletcher 2016). Language obstructions are the principle challenges looked in addressing. Additionally, one ought to have enough mental fortitude to continue and pose an inquiry to bosses or others which are regularly not done reasoning that they may make a dolt of himself. Self - regard and inner self may go about as obstructions frequently in scrutinizing an uncertainty during a correspondence (Stevens and Levi 2013). Criticism in a two different ways correspondence doesn't have obstructions accordingly. In any case, in a single direction correspondence, there is frequently no extension for input. Such correspondences may incorporate going of thoughts, data and directions from more significant position authority, which doesn't permit the arrangement of input. The absence of this arrangement consistently makes disappointment and correspondence in this manner upsetting a legitimate input arrangement going about as a boundary (Scott 2016). Suggestion: The workers and chiefs of the business ought to be persistent while tuning in to the objections or any questions from the customers and the clients. Thus, the organization ought to painstakingly concentrate on executing the progressions as vital. An arrangement of accepting protests and recommendations ought to be started with the goal that the clients have an extent of indicating their objections and concerns. This would cause the clients to feel significant and acknowledged. A customers comment is fundamental for building up the items nature of the item. Item exploration ought to be led with the goal that makers can comprehend the planned of the clients on a specific item. The workers ought to pose inquiries to clients abdominal muscle

Promoting Wellness and Resilience Essay

This paper manages advancing health and flexibility for people with scholarly and formative inabilities (IDD). Initial, a model of health and strength is introduced. At that point, suggested intercession exercises that advance versatility and wellbeing are examined. Ultimately, avoidance and instruction exercises are proposed. Health and Resiliency Model Studies on health and flexibility models among people with IDD show up non-existent and not many have been expounded on directing procedure. Most spotlight on a subjective conduct way to deal with psychotherapy (CBT). Subsequently, a worldview must be made that consolidates CBT and a proof based model of wellbeing. Myers, Sweeney, and Witmer (2000) characterize wellbeing as â€Å"a lifestyle situated toward ideal wellbeing and prosperity, in which body, brain, and soul are incorporated by the person to live more completely inside the human and normal network. Preferably, it is the ideal condition of wellbeing and prosperity that every individual is fit for achieving† (p. 252). â€Å"Resilience alludes to positive adjustment, or the capacity to keep up or recapture emotional well-being, regardless of encountering adversity† (Herrman, Stewart, Diaz-Granados, Berger, Jackson, Yuan, 2011, p. 259). Myers and Sweeney (2005) made a model of wellbeing called The Indivisible Sel f which depends on Adlerian standards. This model outlines five territories of wellbeing: physical, basic, social, adapting, and imaginative. Physical prosperity is additionally isolated into two zones: exercise and nourishment. Basic wellbeing is separated into four parts: otherworldliness, self-care, sexual orientation personality, and social character. Social felicity is isolated into two sections: fellowship and love. Adapting is partitioned into four angles: sensible convictions, stress the executives, self-esteem, and relaxation. Inventive wellness is separated into five components: thinking, feeling, control, positive funniness, and work (Myers and Sweeney, 2005). Suggested Intervention Activities That Promote Resilience and Wellness Asâ the IDD populace will in general be of lower financial status (as grown-ups), put in private offices, and profoundly cured, physical wellbeing is a crucial segment of by and large health. Physical wellness can be kept up through exercise programs. A people group based program depicted by Lante, Walkley, Gamble, and Vassos (2011) gave wellbeing and psychosocial advantages to members . In the region of fundamental health, otherworldliness has a significant impact in the lives of most. IDD people ought to be permitted to go to venerate benefits or take an interest in different exercises developing the otherworldly nature. Watts (2011) proposes usage of Special Religious Education for People with a Developmental Disability (SPRED), characterized as â€Å"†¦symbolic catechesis where formal guidance is enhanced or totally supplanted by visual, aural, tactile, and physical boosts (p. 237). In the region of self-care, people can be instructed assignments to their fullest degree of autonomy. Sex personality can be investigated through adjusted sex-instruction educational plans exemplified by The Facts of Life†¦and More by Walker-Hirsch (lesliewalker-hirsch.com, 2014). Social prosperity is an important segment of health among those with IDD. Kinship and love are truly conceivable and ought to be supported. Local gatherings, for example, The Gathering Place and Pathfinders, give a setting and exercises to the populace (welcometowesley.com, 2014; gracenc.org, 2014). Dating destinations, for example, Special Bridge give access for people IDD an opportunity to meet and date others with IDD (specialbridge.com). CBT can be used to help impaired people in the region of adapting. Silly convictions can be investigated and supplanted with increasingly sensible perspectives. Stress the board methods can be educated. Self-esteem can be investigated and improved (Lee, 2004). Relaxation aptitudes and interests can be investigated and enhanced through orderly testing and improvement (Kreiner and Flexer, 2009). Inventive wellness can be developed through exercises that include thinking, especially basic reasoning. Dealing with feelings and controlling conduct can be educated by means of persuasive social treatment (DBT) (Rizvi, Steffel, and Carson-Wong, 2013). Work needs can be met through shielded, upheld, as well as serious business. In North Carolina, the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation offers types of assistance and referrals to specialist organizations (ncdhhs.gov/dvrs, 2014). Proposed Prevention and Education Activities Instruction and avoidance can concentrate on preparing people, families, guardians, and office staff. On the off chance that the individuals who are in contact with the populace regular can be instructed however much as could be expected, the degree of health and flexibility in people with IDD should increment. IDD customers can find out about smart dieting and exercise through target plans balanced for working level. For example, people with mental imbalance can peruse a social story (The Gray Center, 2014). People, families and staff can be prepared on legitimate nourishment by enrolled dietitians who can create feast plans (American Dietetic Association, 2009). The significance of sexual orientation and sex instruction, otherworldliness, and social personality can be educated to those working with individuals with IDD. Sexual orientation and social character and sex instruction can be educated to people with IDD through changed educational programs or accidental learning. Social abilities, methods for dealing with stress, and inventive interests can be educated to people. Families and offices can realize what ways of dealing with stress are successful for demographic. Recognized Strategies to Promote Community Resources Families specifically can be coordinated to network assets. Numerous assets exist for people with IDD. Handouts, data about specialist co-ops, and government assets can be given to families and more advanced people. Giving connects to sites to associations, for example, The Arc and oversaw care associations, for example, Coastal Care can be a decent beginning spot (thearc.org, 2014; coastalcarenc.org, 2014). References Beange, H., and Lennox, N. (1999). Wellbeing focuses for individuals with a scholarly handicap. Diary of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 24(4), 283. Recovered from http://ezproxy.library.capella.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.capella.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=2731367&site=ehost-live&scope=site The social occasion place. (2014). Recovered May 18, 2014, Retrieved from http://welcometowesley.com/associate/extraordinary necessities/The dark community: What are social stories. (2014). Recovered May 18, 2014, Retrieved from

Clash of titans: East vs. West

Europe incorporates a huge assorted variety of societies and dialects that created next to each other; Asia then again had been creating all alone for a considerable length of time before Europe started to advance. So how did the â€Å"peninsula of Asia†, become a solid power in the West, yet a worldwide force. Through the various articles we read, Illustrated History of Europe, Roberts' A History of Europe, Davies' Europe: A History, Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel, Landes' The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, and Hanson's Carnage and Culture one can see how and why the later creating Europe turned into the command control over the effectively amazing Asia. The Illustrated History of Europe considers Europe a partitioned mainland, yet one human advancement. Europe's wide fields, for instance the Great Northern Plain, just guide to a simple attack from the east which happened various occasions since Europe's commencement. Europe likewise has a high assorted variety of dialects, 43 altogether, that were begun from Sanskrit. Along these lines, Europe's language, in composed from, depends on a consonantal framework as opposed to that of an ideographic framework, for example, the Chinese use. This article separated Europe's progress into three unique bases: vote based system beginning from the Greeks, law originating from the Romans, lastly, the estimation of independence and freedom got from the Christians. Roberts and Davies primarily portray Europe's topography and how it influenced the improvement of the individuals inside. Roberts depicted Europe as a â€Å"peninsula of Asia†, being encircled on its limits, fundamentally by water. This was the reason Europe had the option to create all alone. The waterways, in addition to the fields and vigorously forested inward areas, made individuals become confined from each other along these lines letting them settle on their own choices and furthermore shaping their own dialects. Western Europe's calm atmosphere helped by the Gulf Stream kept its condition gentle all year, in addition to with the expansion of a decent measure of downpour made it simple to cultivate without water system. Focal and Eastern Europe were not as fortunate, be that as it may, in light of the fact that they encountered variances in temperature and precipitation. Precious stone talked about how the â€Å"creation† of the rancher through the taming of plants and animals prompted the improvement of firearms, germs, and steel. He looked at the â€Å"hunter/gather† people groups with the â€Å"food producing† people groups, to exhibit the advantage of the rancher. With a cultivating gathering, one could give one's an ideal opportunity to different occupations, and along these lines become â€Å"specialists†. These authorities could ace a craftsmanship or exchange as opposed to investing energy scanning for nourishment, and in the long run advanced to turn into the lords, administrators, fighters, ministers, and craftsmans. The trainings of plants and animals was a vital piece of the improvement of the cultivating society over that of the chasing society. For instance, the peapod when it is ready will â€Å"explode† and drop its seeds onto the ground. The main thing left on the plant after this happens are the pea pods that didn't detonate. Consequently those were the ones which we had the option to eat in light of the fact that they were the main ones we had the option to assemble. We would hence just scatter the seeds of the â€Å"non-exploding† pea pods through our dung or our landfills. At long last the tracker/gatherers will inevitably vanish in light of the fact that they don't have the steel to make apparatuses just as the weapons that the ranchers have and in this manner will, in time, be annihilated. Scope assumed an immense job in the ascent of ranchers in Europe. Because of the comparable scope all through Europe the developing season is generally the equivalent, alongside a moderately equivalent atmosphere. The simple spread of germs came about on the grounds that individuals lived in packed towns where an infection could essentially go starting with one family unit then onto the next. Besides with the training of creatures, the creatures presently lived around other people to the individuals and in this manner added to the spread of illnesses. At the point when the European voyagers acquainted germs with the Native Americans, numerous Native Americas were murdered on the grounds that they didn't have the developed opposition due to the absence of tamed creatures. In view of Europe's nearness to creatures a significant number of the world's maladies have started there. The Fertile Crescent was a naturally delicate territory. It wound up being devastated because of deforestation, and disintegration, just as different variables and now is for the most part desert. The Great Man hypothesis said that a couple of incredible men can impact the occasions of history. One of the primary reasons Europe â€Å"outdid† China was a direct result of Europe was divided, though China was completely joined together, this fundamentally implied rivalry could prosper while in China information exchanged was unchallenged. Landes secured some of what was in the Roberts article just as what was in the Davies article. He talked about the Gulf Stream and the monstrous woods, however he likewise called attention to realities about riverside developments. Individuals assembled around streams since they gave water, yet in addition a method of transportation. Riverside human advancements, due to their vital significance were, in any case, bound to have a ruler. In riverside human advancements on the off chance that the ruler required cash or more land, at that point he would simply take what they needed from the individuals. To the extent property goes in the West, where there was no requirement for riverside civic establishments because of the mild atmosphere and inexhaustible precipitation, there was a profound promise to private property; to such an extent that even rulers didn't take their subjects property. During the time of 1000 †1500 AD, five â€Å"great† innovations were made. These creations were esteemed the â€Å"inventions of inventions†. The innovations were the mechanical clock, black powder, eyeglasses, printing, and the water wheel. Black powder, in China was utilized as a barrier, yet in the European's hands it turned into a hostile weapon. Eyeglasses â€Å"created† an extra work power from the numerous individuals who had poor vision yet were in generally acceptable state of being. Printing was utilized to spread information, so thoughts no longer must be passed by listening in on others' conversations. The water wheel turned into an expansion wellspring of intensity. The mechanical clock, as I would see it the most significant, kept individuals task arranged, and on the grounds that individuals consistently need the most exact time we continued enhancing it and it turn enhanced all creations. This was the monetary upheaval, which was just practically identical to when people went from tracker/gatherers to nourishment makers. Hanson expressed that the explanation the West battled so very much was on the grounds that Europeans battled for their own territory. People groups in the West had a voice in what occurred, militarily and strategically, though people groups in the east had none. A case of this would be the clash of Salamis, the Greek warriors got together just hours before the fight to choose if battling this battle was extremely justified, despite all the trouble. On the Persian side, in any case, the troopers had nothing to do with it, and took on that conflict not really needing to battle for the reason. Because of the West's opportunity, private property, training of plants and creatures and the development from tracker/gatherers to nourishment makers were all variables why the less evolved Europe came to overwhelm the effectively solid Asia. On the off chance that Asia had a these â€Å"fundamentals† as did the West think how extraordinary the world would be.

Chief Joseph Biography

Chief Joseph, known to his people as Young Joseph or simply Joseph, was the leader of the Wallowa band of Nez Perce people, a Native American tribe that lived on the Columbia River Plateau in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States from the early 18th century to the late 19th century. He succeeded his father Chief Joseph the Elder as chief in 1871 and continued to lead the Nez Perce until his death in 1904. Primarily due to his passionate leadership during the forced removal of his people from their ancestral lands by the United States government, Chief Joseph remains an iconic figure of American and Native American history. Fast Facts: Chief Joseph Full Native Name: Hinmatà ³owyalahtqÌ“it (â€Å"Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt†)Known As: Chief Joseph, Young Joseph, The Red NapoleonKnown For: Leader of the Wallowa Valley (Oregon) band of the Nez Perce native peoples (1871 to 1904). Led his people during the Nez Perce War of 1877.Born:  March 3, 1840, in Wallowa Valley, OregonDied: September 21, 1904 (aged 64), in Colville Indian Reservation, Washington StateParents: Tuekakas (Old Joseph, Joseph the Elder) and KhapkhaponimiWife: Heyoon Yoyikt SpringChildren: Jean-Louise (daughter)Notable Quotation: â€Å"I will fight no more forever.† Early Life and Background Chief Joseph was born Hinmatà ³owyalahtqÌ“it (â€Å"Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt†), meaning â€Å"Thunder Rolling Down the Mountain† in the Nez Perce language, in the Wallowa Valley of what is now northeastern Oregon on March 3, 1840. Known as Young Joseph during his youth and later as Joseph, he was named after his Christian father Tuekakas, baptized â€Å"Joseph the Elder.† As one of the first Nez Perce chiefs to convert to Christianity, Joseph the Elder initially worked to maintain peace with early white settlers. In 1855, he peacefully negotiated a treaty with the United States establishing a Nez Perce reservation on their traditional lands in the Wallowa Valley. However, when the gold rushes of the 1860s attracted a new influx of settlers, the U.S. government asked the Nez Perce to move to a far smaller reservation in Idaho in return for financial incentives and a reservation hospital. When Joseph the Elder, along with his fellow Nez Perce leaders, chiefs Looking Glass and White Bird, refused to agree, conflict seemed inevitable. Joseph the Elder erected signs around the tribe’s lands proclaiming, â€Å"Inside this boundary, all our people were born. It circles the graves of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man.† Nez Perce group known as Chief Josephs Band, Lapwai, Idaho, spring, 1877. Public Domain Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce War Chief Joseph assumed leadership of the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce when Joseph the Elder died in 1871. Before he passed away, his father had asked Young Joseph to protect the Nez Perce lands and guard his grave. To the request, Young Joseph replied, â€Å"I clasped my fathers hand and promised to do as he asked. A man who would not defend his fathers grave is worse than a wild beast.† In 1873, Joseph convinced the U.S. government to allow the Nez Perce to remain on their land in the Wallowa Valley. But in the spring of 1877, as violence between the Nez Perce and settlers grew more commonplace, the government sent the Army to force the Nez Perce to move to the smaller reservation in Idaho. Rather than being relocated to Idaho, Joseph’s band of the Nez Perce decided to flee the U.S. seeking asylum in Canada. Over the next four months, Chief Joseph led his band of 700 Nez Perce—including only about 200 warriors—on a 1,400-mile trek towards Canada. Fending off repeated attacks by U.S. troops, the march of Joseph and his people became known as the Nez Perce War. Along the way, the greatly outnumbered Nez Perce warriors actually won several major battles, leading the U.S. press to declare Chief Joseph â€Å"The Red Napoleon.† However, by the time they neared the Canadian border in the fall of 1877, Chief Joseph’s beaten and starving people were no longer able to fight or travel. On October 5, 1877, Chief Joseph surrendered to the U.S. Cavalry General Oliver O. Howard, delivering one of the most famous speeches in American history. After recounting the suffering, starvation, and death his people had endured, he memorably concluded, â€Å"Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.† Three men in full ceremonial dress and a man in military uniform stand before the new tombstone of Chief Joseph, of the Nez Perce people. Tombstone inscription facing the camera reads: He led his people in the Nez Perce War of 1877. Died Sept. 21, 1904. Aged about 60 years. Public Domain Later Life and Death Rather than being returned to their Wallowa Valley home in Oregon, Chief Joseph and his 400 surviving people were loaded on unheated railcars and shipped first to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, then to a reservation in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma. In 1879, Joseph met with President Rutherford B. Hayes in Washington, D.C., to request that his people be returned to Idaho. While Hayes respected Joseph and personally favored the move, opposition from Idaho prevented him from acting. At last, in 1885, Chief Joseph and his people were taken to the Colville Indian Reservation in the state of Washington, far from their ancestral Wallowa Valley home. Sadly, Chief Joseph never again saw Wallowa Valley, dying at age 64 of what his doctors called â€Å"a broken heart,† on the Colville Reservation on September 21, 1904. Legacy Bearing his name as a tribute to his leadership, the Chief Joseph band of Nez Perce still live on the Colville Indian Reservation. While he is buried on the reservation, he is also honored in the Pacific Northwest at the Chief Joseph Dam on the Columbia River; at Chief Joseph Pass on the Idaho-Montana border; and perhaps most fittingly, at Chief Joseph Mountain, which overlooks the town of Joseph in the Wallowa Valley. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Chief Joseph: Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt (1840-1904).† The West. PBSBuerge, David M. â€Å"Chief Seattle and Chief Joseph: From Indians to Icons.† University of Washingtonâ€Å"Old Chief Joseph Gravesite History.† U.S. National Park Service.The Treaty Period.† Nez Perce National Historical Parkâ€Å"The Flight of 1877.† Nez Perce National Historical Park.Leckie, Robert (1998). â€Å"The Wars of America.† Castle Books. ISBN 0-7858-0914-7.

Analysis Of Fences By August Wilson - 1179 Words

Fences, August Wilson The close reading process for this play occurs in three stages: 1. First Read (Days 2 and Day 3): Students are not to cold read the play during this period. It is essential for their understanding that this first read comes from a fluent adult reader or (less ideally) from a recording of the play. Teachers should pre-select moments of tension or surprise when students should stop and jot their thoughts, ideas and questions about the text. The suggested cues for the open jots is at the end of every scene are: a. I know_____________________ b. I think______________________ c. I wonder____________________ 2. Second Read (Day 5, Day 6, Day 8 and Day 9): Student re-read scenes individually, with partners, or in†¦show more content†¦RL.9-10.5 Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise. Tension in Society: Grade 9, Unit 1 District of Columbia Public Schools | 2016 Page 28 of 3 Close Reading Texts Teaching Guidance Alignment to the Essential Question and Unit Theme This disturbing fiction provides compelling access to ways authors build tension using facts, character interactions, and dialogue. Standards associated with text and tasks Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? It#39;s summer, and 15-year- old Connie spends much of her time lounging around the house, going out with friends, and meeting boys. One night a strange guy makes a gesture to her in the parking lot of a local drive- in restaurant. Later in the summer, while her family is at a barbeque, he pulls up in her driveway, accompanied by a friend. The driver introduces himself as Arnold Friend and asks Connie to joinShow MoreRelatedFences Analysis On Fences By August Wilson1283 Words   |  6 Pages Fences Analysis In the play â€Å"Fences† by August Wilson the play’s attitude toward women is biased, and if the play was written by a female I think it would have a stronger feminine influence. Issues such as racism and discrimination against blacks may be raised in the play that the author did not bring up, and the women in the story somewhat do generally typify women in the 1950s. To support my interpretation, the women in the play were homebodies, just worrying about the household because theyRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1340 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter who, for the most part, is a benevolent person, but suffers from his or her hamartia and hubris, which ultimately leads to their downfall and recognition of their poor choices, as well as the reversal of their situation. 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Legal Assistance For Legal Aid - 1605 Words

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Business and Corporations Law Legal Acceptance - Capacity

Question: Discuss about the Business and Corporations Law for Legal Acceptance, Capacity. Answer: Introduction: The critical issue that arises in this case is associated with the presence of the consideration. There are certain essential pre-requisites in the contract law, which are needed to satisfy in order to enact a valid agreement. These components are legal offer, valid consideration, legal acceptance, capacity of the parties, and intention of the parties to enact the agreement (Andrews, 2011). Jane was having a car with the market price of $ 25,000. Since, she was going to some other foreign territory, hence, she offered her car to Jack. The issue arises here, as she had not mentioned any consideration amount in the exchange of the car. According to the common law, any agreement between the parties can be liable for legally enforceable agreement, only, in the presence of the lawful consideration. If any promise is made without consideration, then such promise are termed as gratuitous promise (Edlin, 2007). Under contract law, no enforceable agreement can enact, if it is based on the gra tuitous promise (Latimer, 2005). In this case, Jane promised to give her car to Jack with no consideration. Jack agreed to take the car and accepted the offer. Here, no consideration is present between the parties and both the parties were knowingly made the agreement with the willingness and sound mind, irrespective of the actual market value of the car which was $ 25,000. Therefore, the nature of the promise by Jane becomes gratuitous promise and no valid agreement is formed. Hence, the offer made by Jane cannot be legally enforceable by Jack and no legal action can be taken against Jane in case she decides to not give the car to Jack. As described earlier, a legal valid agreement needs a set of elements i.e. lawful offer, lawful acceptance, valid consideration and legal intention of the offeror and offeree to enter into agreement. An agreement can be made on the basis of the legal offer and acceptance but an agreement would be termed as legal enforceable agreement only if the valid consideration is present. In this regards, consideration works as a benefit between the parties, also any past consideration cannot be considered a reliable consideration (Re McArdle, 1951). It can be expressed in terms of a numeric value (McKendrick, 2003). Here, Jane had promised to sell her car to Jack in $25,000. This specified value of the car indicates the presence of the consideration. This value of the consideration is equal to the real cost of the car. However, Jack accepted the offer and hence, confirmed the consideration value of $ 25,000 by accepting the offer to buy the car from Jane. Hence, it can be obtained from the above factors that a valid consideration is made between Jane and Jack. Valid offer and acceptance both are present in this case and also the valid consideration value of $ 25,000 clearly specified by Jane. Moreover, Jack agreed to pay this consideration amount to Jane. As per the contract law, the concept of the consideration is linked with the negotiation of the agreement. It is believed that in case of the formation of an agreement, there is a swap of promises (White v Bluett (1853)) between parties. It can be said that each party should be termed as a promisor as well as promisee and also receives some value under the agreement at certain point of time (Lindgren, 2011). Therefore, in this specific case, all the necessary conditions are satisfied and also the presence of the valid consideration value supports the enactment of the enforceable agreement between the promisor Jane and promisee Jack. Adequacy of the consideration is not the imperative requisite for the formation of a valid agreement. Under common law, court has clearly stated that adequacy is not required in the agreement. It is instead based on the willingness of the parties to decide the consideration value for the promise (Paterson, Robertson Duke, 2015). Therefore, the only essential factor is the presence of the valid consideration as per the law. Adequate value of the consideration is not compulsory. The consideration can be anything starting from a more or less price to any object, but it must be a legal value or object. This norm can be described with the help of a leading case in this regard i.e. Chappell v Nestle (1960) case, in which the consideration value was the chocolate wrapper to enact an enforceable agreement (Taylor Taylor, 2015). The only key parameter in this regards is if both the parties give voluntary consent to enter into the contractual phase with some different value of the consideration, irrespective of the real worth then also there will not be any question regarding the satisfaction of parties in the court, unless any unconscionable activity is suspected (Latimer, 2005). In this case also, Jane wanted to sell her car to Jack with a price of $ 2,500, with the sound mind and willingness, while she knew that the cost of the car in the market is around $ 25,000. Jane was clearly offered a valid consideration amount of $ 2,500 which is not adequate when compared to the real value of the car. However, Jack had unconditionally accepted the offer and ready to purchase the car in $ 2,500. Hence, according to the adequacy of the consideration factor of the contract law, both Jane and Jack are entering into the enforceable agreement with the consideration amount of $ 2,500. In this case, the contract is formed on the basis of the adequacy of the consideration. This is because the amount made for the car by Jane shows the presence of some consideration which is sufficient for Jane as she only made the offer with the amount. Hence, in this case also a lawful valid agreement is enforceable for Jack. Issue The situation here needs advice with regards to the possibility of success is a buyer claiming the extra payment ($ 3 million) that the seller had obtained through threat. There are a host of factors that are required for the enactment of an enforceable legal contract. At the core of any contract, lies a voluntary acceptance which arises due to mutual consent from both the sides entering the contractual relation. The importance of consent as a key factor is not limited before the contract execution but continues to be of significance even after contract since many times, circumstances demand that some amendments be made (Harvey, 2009). Typically in this process, both parties should have enough consideration so as to enact the change. However, in absence of consideration for a given party, alteration may become difficult and cumbersome as the other party may not agree to the change. It is noteworthy that any alterations which are enacted unilaterally does not hold the test of legal principles and fails to be enforceable in nature (Gibson Fraser, 2014). At times, one of the parties may make an unreasonable demand which lies outside the contract terms and use threat to obtain forced consent from the other party. This situation in legal parlance is known as duress and may arise due to either economic power or physical power. Such contracts are devoid of voluntary agreement and thus can be made void if the party that is forced demands so at a later date (Taylor Taylor, 2015). It is a common sight that the threatened party cites duress as a defence so as to recover the losses or value equivalent of the illegal favour that may be extended to the other party. However, one significant aspect to prove in this case is the fact that the threatened party complied with the unreasonable demand only under the influence of threat or else the same would not have been obeyed (Latimer, 2005). In cases where incidence of duress is established, the contracts are not legally enforceable provided the party subject to threat wants so. It is noteworthy that the threat which is covered within duress may be of physical or economic nature. The concept of economic duress has been a late entrant with the pioneer case in this regard being Occidental Worldwide Investment Corporation v Skibs (The Sibeon The Sibotre)[1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293 case. For establishing a case for economic duress, a plaintiff needs to establish certain aspects mentioned below (Lindgren, 2011). The defendant acts in bad faith and uses superior economic position for threatening the plaintiff. As the plaintiff is subject to economic force, it is left with no choice but to give in and concur with the demands made. As a result of forced concurrence with the demands, there is a legally binding relation between parties whereby the plaintiff cannot back out at a later stage. The use of economic duress brings about financial distress for the plaintiff. While assuring that the above aspects of duress are present is significant, but it is noteworthy that even in cases where economic duress is evident, the plaintiff must apply for relief ina timely manner. In this matter, the court has opined that if the plaintiff does not take legal recourse before the passage of reasonable time, then it indicates that the plaintiff has accepted the demand and hence the contract stands discharged. This is evident from the verdict of the court in the North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron)[1979] QB 705 case (Gibson Fraser, 2014). The reasoning extended for the decision was that the party subject to economic duress has been given the right for redemption of damages or losses but the same does not extend till indefinite time and must be exhibited in a prompt manner. The excess payment made in the given case could not be claimed by the buyer as the court ruled that eight months was more than reasonable time and the claimant is a ssumed to have given voluntary acceptance to the unreasonable demand (Andrews, 2011). Application The facts highlighted in the case describe a situation where a contract has been enacted for building of a tanker. While the building work is going on, there is devaluation in the currency of USA and the contract executed had no mechanism to deal with it. Since the shipbuilder or seller is adversely impacted by this change, hence it demands an extra payment of $ 3 million which the buyer does not want to make as there is no obligation on the basis of contract, However, due to threats from seller, the buyer agreed to make the payment as it did not want any delays in delivery. Nine months have elapsed since the tanker delivery and now the buyer wants to claim the payment of $ 3 million made earlier. There is no denying the presence of duress of economic nature. It is evident that initially the buyer was reluctant about the $ 3 million payment. When the seller threatened to leave the contract unfinished, then only did the buyer make the payment as apparently it was cornered and had no real options as timely delivery was paramount. Hence, in reference to the above legal principles, the buyer did have the right to claim the payment of $ 3 million but the right was available only for a reasonable time. Keeping in mind the judgement given in a similar case i.e. North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron)[1979], it may be inferred that in this case also the judgement would go against the claimant as the silence of the claimant for nine months amounted to approval of the contract and the excess payment. Conclusion Hence, the excess payment of $ 3million is not recoverable by the buyer as a result of delay beyond reasonable time. References Andrews, N 2011, Contract Law, 3rd eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Edlin, D 2007, Common law theory, 4th eds., Cambridge University Press,Cambridge Gibson, A Fraser, D 2014, Business Law, 8th eds., Pearson Publications, Sydney Harvey, C. 2009, Foundations of Australian law. 3rd eds., Tilde University Press, Prahran, Victoria Latimer, P 2005. Australian business law, 24th eds., CCH Australia Ltd. Sydney Lindgren, KE 2011, Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia, 12th eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney McKendrick, E 2003, Contract Law, 5th eds., Palgrave, Basingstoke Paterson, J, Robertson, A Duke, A 2015, Principles of Contract Law, 5th eds., Thomson Reuters, Sydney Taylor, R Taylor, D 2015, Contract Law, 5th eds., Oxford University Press, London